UK Security Management Practice and Regulatory Acts Essay

UK Security Management Practice and Regulatory Acts - Essay Example This essay stresses that the role of the private companies in breaching the gap made by inadequate public security forces to curb crime and insecurity especially in the face of new threats including terrorism, cyber crime and juvenile delinquency including drug abuse and malicious damage provide a valuable service to the country. However, the PSI Act seeks to regulate the sector to ensure conformity with the rules especially regarding privacy and other human rights infringements that may be easily possible under an ambiguous setting. Investigative security agents within the private sector must therefore perform their duties in total compliance with these regulations and guidelines. Within organisations, internal investigations are often the subject of much controversy especially due to the likelihood of violating employee human rights when intruding on their personal information. This paper makes a conclusion that security management as practised by both public and private investigators is thus confronted by many obstacles as they seek research or information on individuals in addition to when doing other security duties particularly due to the proliferation of many indistinct rules that grant much advantage to subjects under investigation and even criminal elements that are protected by these legislative Acts. Although these Acts are primarily aimed at protecting intrusive and unsolicited violations of individual privacy and human rights, they inadvertently hinder proper investigation, research and crime prevention.

Culture of Pakistan Essay Example for Free

Culture of Pakistan Essay The 17th century Badshahi Mosque built by Mughal emperor Aurangzeb in Lahore The society and culture of Pakistan (Urdu: Ø «Ã™â€šÃ˜ §Ã™ Ã˜ ª Ù ¾Ã˜ §Ãš ©Ã˜ ³Ã˜ ªÃ˜ §Ã™â€ Ã¢â‚¬Å½) comprises numerous diverse cultures and ethnic groups: the Punjabis, Kashmiris, Sindhis in east, Muhajirs, Makrani in the south; Baloch and Pashtun in the west; and the ancient Dardic, Wakhi, and Burusho communities in the north. These Pakistani cultures have been greatly influenced by many of the surrounding countries cultures, such as the Turkic peoples, Persian, Arab, and other South Asian ethnic groups of the Subcontinent, Central Asia and the Middle East. In ancient times, Pakistan was a major cultural hub. Many cultural practices and great monuments have been inherited from the time of the ancient rulers of the region. One of the greatest cultural influences was that of the Persian Empire, of which Pakistan was a part. In fact, the Pakistani satraps were at one time the richest and most productive of the massive Persian Empire. Other key influences include the Afghan Empire, Mughal Empire and later, the short-lived but influential, the British Empire. Pakistan has a cultural and ethnic background going back to the Indus Valley Civilization, which existed from 2800–1800 B.C., and was remarkable for its ordered cities, advanced sanitation, excellent roads, and uniquely structured society. Pakistan has been invaded many times in the past, and has been occupied and settled by many different peoples, each of whom have left their imprint on the current inhabitants of the country. Some of the largest groups were the Proto-Indo-Aryans, of which Sindhis and Punjabis descend from and later Iranic peoples which the Baloch and Pashtuns descend from. Other less significant ones include the Greeks, Scythians, Persians, White Huns, Arabs, Turks, Mongols, Buddhists, and other Eurasian groups, up to and including the British, who left in the late 1940s. The region has formed a distinct cultural unit within the main cultural complex of South Asia, the Middle East and Central Asia from the earliest times, and is analogous to Turkeys position in Eurasia.[1] There are differences in culture among the different ethnic groups in matters such as dress, food, and religion, especially where pre-Islamic customs differ from Islamic practices. Their cultural origins also reveal influences from far afield, including Tibet, Nepal, India, and eastern Afghanistan. All groups show varying degrees of influence from Persia, Turkestan and Hellenistic Greece. Pakistan was the first region of South Asia to receive the full impact of Islam and has developed a distinct Islamic identity, historically different from areas further west.[1] Ancient sites in Pakistan include: Zoroastrian Fire temples, Islamic centres, shia shrines/Sufi shrines, Buddhist temples, Sikh, Hindu, and pagan temples and shrines, gardens, tombs, palaces, monuments, and Mughal and Indo-Saracenic buildings. Sculpture is dominated by Greco-Buddhist friezes, and crafts by ceramics, jewellery, silk goods and engraved woodwork and metalwork. Pakistani society is largely multilingual, multi-ethnic and multicultural. Though cultures within the country differ to some extent, more similarities than differences can be found, as most Pakistanis are mainly of Aryan heritage or have coexisted side by side along the Indus River for several thousand years, or both. However, over 60 years of integration, a distinctive Pakistani culture has sprung up, especially in the urban areas where many of the diverse ethnic groups have coexisted and ithe country now having a literacy rate of 55%, up from 3% at the time of independence. Traditional family values are highly respected and considered sacred, although urban families increasingly form nuclear families, owing to socio-economic constraints imposed by the traditional culture of the extended family. The past few decades have seen emergence of a middle class in cities such as Karachi, Lahore, Rawalpindi, Hyderabad, Quetta, Faisalabad, Sukkur, Peshawar, Sialkot, Abbottabad, and Multan. Rural areas of Pakistan are regarded as more conservative, and are dominated by regional tribal customs dating back hundreds if not thousands of years. Pakistans culture is again unique like the rest of the country. Pakistans geography is the meeting point of South Asia, Central Asia and West Asia/Gulf. Its culture could be termed as a combination of sub continental, Islamic, Regional, English, and more recently global influences. Let us consider them piecemeal. The newly born Pakistan had to have a sub continental leaning, having been a part of for last 5000 years of its civilization. However, the Indus Valley, present day Pakistan, culture was different from the rest of North India or South India. (Quoted Pakistans Identity, History and Culture, from the famous book Gwadar on the Global Chessboard by Nadir Mir)

Governments Must Balance Law with Individual Rights Essay -- Governmen

The topic of Government, laws and individual rights has always been on the minds of many people. Today is no exception, with the economy in poor shape and with a President who promises many changes to come. Will the changes really come? And if they do will they benefit the people of the United States of America or will they cause more violence and destruction to our economy? They say we have the right of free speech, to speak our minds and vocalize our opinions on topics that are important to us. They say we have freedom to choose our own religion and beliefs, to choose who we praise and what we believe to be right and wrong. They also say that we have the freedom to bear arms; to protect ourselves, and our country. Are these just words or are they really our rights? The constitution ...

First Writing Assignment “Two Views of the Mississippi” Essay

As Mark Twain learned the trade of steamboating he needed to be able to discern between the beautiful aspects of the river which he talked about figuratively and the critical awareness of those same aspects as they pertain to navigation. The two sets of details are in juxtaposition. However, there is something larger happening in the excerpt. What is it? Define it as the thematic concern for your paper. Develop your thesis around the larger message. In other words, what is the big picture here? What is the larger message that the writing attempts to engage for the audience? Most, if not all, of the language speaks about two views of the river, but the tension between those descriptions is both explicit and implicit. What are the implied factors (implications) beyond the language of the piece? The explicit examples (tools/devices/strategies of rhetoric) of language will help you speak specifically about the evidence on the page as it pertains to the global outlook that the piece hints at. The two sets of descriptions set up a much larger concept and that concept permeates into the real world. What is that concept or what are those ideas? They are wide ranging. The ideas are crucial in the understanding of the piece itself, no doubt, however it (they) reach further? How much further do they reach? Respond to the prompt in a way that you touch on the larger messages that are inherent in the piece. Do the ideas shape the reality you are currently forming for yourself? The specific language of the piece are nice examples and activities of rhetoric, so how do they ultimately point to and lead us into answering the bigger question/concept of the piece? In your quest to develop and support your interpretation as to the message of the piece you will find it important to identify tools of figurative language and how they differ from the literal translations of those same descriptions. Identify tools of figurative language: What does that language say? How does it help support your case? Why does the language work? Furthermore, identify the language that juxtaposes the appearance of the figurative language: How does that language differ? How does it help support your ideas? What does the language reiterate about the larger picture? Essay will be 5 pages. It will discuss the main idea and  support it by defining the moments of language that are pertinent to the discussion of the larger message.

Minorities and Women in Criminal Justice Essay

There are many key issues impacting minorities and women in the criminal justice system . Sexism still exists in the United States. Sexism against women is shown in the media and indicates that sexism still pervades in our society. Another key issue is the overrepresentation and disparities among minorities in the criminal justice system. After the act of September 11, racial profiling and other acts of racial hate crimes suggests that racism occurs. Another key issue that indicates that racial disparities occur in the criminal justice system is the overrepresentation of minorities in the Juvenile Justice system. Sexism against women- Sexism still pervades in our society. A clear example of this is the way Hillary Clinton was treated in the elections. Hillary faced many gender-based abuse by the media and many individuals. â€Å"Multiple studies on women in national security have shown concerns about the progression of women into senior leadership positions (Erbe, 2008).† Some feel women are inferior to men, this is clearly a form of sexism. Statistics from U.S. Bureau of Justice indicates that women are much more likely than men to experience â€Å"nonfatal intimate partner violence†. 30% of female homicide victims are estimated to have been killed by intimate partners in comparison to 5% male homicide victims. In the past, women were not included in higher education. When women were included in higher education , they were encouraged into majors that were less intellectual. Women have been excluded from participating in many professions. Based on a 2009 study conducted by Cornell University on the topic of CEOs, research suggests that while being obese limit’s the career opportunities of both women and men, being a bit overweight harms only female executives and may actually benefit male executives. There’s also a disparity of wages between men and women. Today, women earn 75% of the income of men. Research conducted suggest that mothers are 44% less likely to be hired than women with otherwise identical resumes, experience, and qualifications, and if hired are offered on an average $11,000 a year less than women without children. On the other hand, men without children earn on an average $7,500 less than men with children. Discrimination in juvenile justice system- The Juvenile Justice System was established in the late 1800s. Juvenile did not have much Constitutional rights until recently when the Juvenile Delinquency Prevention and Control Act was established in 1968. The act was created to help juveniles who are in danger of becoming delinquent by providing assistance. The juvenile justice system is separate from the adult criminal court system. African American juveniles are overrepresented in the Juvenile justice system. Statistics show that the criminal justice system discriminates against racial minorities. Racial disparities questions the treatment of juveniles by the police, courts/juvenile justice system . Cases are affected by race in the front end of the system. Black males are more likely to be detained compared to whites. USA Today article indicates that minorities fare worse in traffic stops. Police use more force against Blacks and Hispanics. Report concludes with disturbing disparities as to what happens to minorities after the stop. Recommendations for the criminal justice system include; building accountability in the exercise of discretion by police and prosecutors, and improve the diversity of low enforcement personnel. Other recommendations include; improving the collection of criminal justice data relevant to racial consequences of criminal convictions. Minorities-The USA Patriot Act was passed after September 11, 2006 when the United States was attacked by terrorist. The act was passed on October 26, 2001 by members of the congress. â€Å"The Patriot Act stretches terrorism laws to include domestic terrorism which can cause political organizations to surveillance, wiretapping, harassment, and criminal action (Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism (USA Patriot Act) 2001)†. Law enforcement can conduct secret searches at their will. They can have access to medical, financial, mental health and student records with minimal oversight. Many feel that new legislation and enforcement of The Patriot Act takes away our freedom and some feel that this will protect us and possibly prevent another attack. There are many disadvantages of The Patriot Act. Many Arabs and Asian immigrants have been interrogated not for a wrong act but because of religion or ethnic background. New Federal Executive Branch actions have discriminated Arabs and Asians. Thousands of Asian and Arab men have been held in custody for weeks and months, without any charges filed against them. An action such as these by the government is supported by The Patriot Act yet it threatens the First Amendment which is supposed to protect our freedom of religion, speech assembly, and the press. It also threatens the fourth Amendment which is freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures. There is a lack of information within the patriot act that shows evidence that this act was a major reason for September 11 terrorist attacks. This act is an invasion of privacy with inadequate security benefits. The government is given the opportunity and power to investigate and search people’s homes without good cause. Inaccurate information collected by the government can be kept on file permanently and viewed by law enforcement officers. This personal and flawed information can be used against the American citizen to create hardship. A file can be created not based on criminal actions or misconduct but based on suspicion. It is evident the Patriot act threatens some of the amendments in the bill of rights and invades our privacy. There are many pros and cons to The Patriot Act. Citizens have to give up some individual rights in results of saving lives. The Act is meant to protect the U.S. society, civil rights and liberty. Liberty has to be sacrificed to obtain security. Community policing can address the fear that an individual citizen experiences after any act â€Å"Instead of de-emphasizing community policing efforts, police departments should realize that community policing may be more important than ever in dealing with terrorism in their communities (Homeland Security)†. Despite the progress and transition that our country has experienced, unfortunately sexism and racial disparities still exist within the criminal justice system. References Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism (USA Patriot Act) Act of 2001. Retrieved Aug 14, 2009 from: www.eff.org/censorship.terrorism.militias Despite Democrats Opposition, House Reauthorizes Patriot Act. Retrieved August 14, 2008 from: http://proquest.umi.com. www.Aclu.org http://www.homelandsecurity.org

Child Development Essay Example

Child Development Essay Example Child Development Essay Child Development Essay Motivation, mood, personality, temperament and disposition are things directly linked to emotions in the life of a person. Emotions can be defined as the reaction, ways or indications in the life of an individual that come in response to changes in the body of the individual. An emotion can also be said to be a pleasant or unpleasant state of the mind resulting from the action of the brain but outwardly given in form of body postures, gestures or movements. These emotions are believed to emanate from the areas of the brain that dictate the central attention of a person, motivation to behavior and thus determining the importance of what takes place around us (Laird, 2003). An almost similar word but different word from emotion is cognition which basically underlies the ability of one to conceptualize, recognize or be aware of something hence putting him/her in a position to change preferences. The cognitive process can either be natural or artificial reflecting the state of one as either conscious or unconscious. The concept of cognition in the field psychology relates nearly to the activities like reasoning, learning, decision making, planning among other intelligent actions of the individual mind (Gifford, 2009). Emotions can thus be recognized to be interplay of various diverse and wide fields like sociology, biology, psychology, cognition, anthropology among other interrelated disciplines thus making it a complex topic in human psychology. Emotions are very crucial and important for they define clearly the direction of an individual’s life and also career. Want to get a price estimate for your Essay? Deadline Paper type Essay (Any Type) Admission Essay Annotated Bibliography Argumentative Essay Article Review Book/Movie Review Business Plan Case Study Coursework Creative Writing Critical Thinking Presentation or Speech Research Paper Research Proposal Term Paper Thesis Other Article (Any Type) Content (Any Type) Q&A Capstone Project Dissertation Lab Report Scholarship Essay Math Problem Statistic Project Research Summary Assignment Dissertation chapter Speech Dissertation chapter: Abstract Dissertation chapter: Introduction Dissertation chapter: Hypothesis Dissertation chapter: Literature Review Dissertation chapter: Methodology Dissertation chapter: Analysis/Results Dissertation chapter: Discussion Dissertation chapter: Conclusion Dissertation Proposal Thesis Statement Thesis Proposal Application Essay Pages 550 words(double spaced) 126 writers online Check Price A limited time offer! Get custom paper sample written according to your requirements urgent 3h delivery guaranteed Order now Child Development Paper An ________ provides a framework for understanding the relationships among an organized set of facts or principles Theory A study this is designed to specifically test some development explanation and expand scientific knowledge is called Theoretical Research Correlational studies use which of the following to investigate whether certain characteristics of interest are associated with other characteristics? Naturalistic observation, case studies, and survey research Identify and Describe the three topical areas of child Development 1. Social Development of how a child interacts with others as they grow. 2. Cognitive development of the the way a child thinks and examines. 3. Physical development as they grow, such as height and eye color. Identify the specific age categories child developmentalists typically examine 1. Prenatual- conception to birth2. Infancy and Toddlerhood- birth- 3 years3. Preschool age- 3-5 years4. School age- 6-12 years Shyanna wants to know if shy children will become shy adults. She decides to ask a group of preschool teachers to select all the children they would consider to be shy. She then follows and periodically assesses these children until they reach adulthood. This an example of a ____________ research design. Longitudinal When considering the origins of violence, psychologists with a ______ stance suggest that violence is linked with early maltreatment of children; psychologists with a __________ stance look at hormonal influences on violent behavior NurtureNature Identifying questions of intrest, formulating an explanation, and carrying out research that either lends support to or refutes the explanation are all steps of which of the following Scientific Method According to Bobbie Keeton and the handout on Head Start, what is your primary duty while doing your lab at the center? Assistant to teacher If we know what __________ to use, we can predict behavior Stimuli What is the Mission statement of the Southwest HRA Head Start? Safe and Caring place List the 5 theoretical perspectives that developmentalists use to understand the development of children. Be sure to include two individuals associated with each perspective Behavioral- B.F. Skinner, WatsonCognitive- Jean Piaget- Info processing theroyContextual- Lev Vy ________ is a biological concept that should be employed to refer to classification based on physical and structural characteristics of a species Race Mrs. Herman uses a sticker chart in her first grade classroom to promote desireable behaviors and decreases the unwanted ones. The stickers on the chart represent the reinforcenment, but the use of the chart represents a form of Behavior modification. Proverbs 22:6 Train up a child in the way it should go and when it is old it will not depart from it Advantages of breast feeding Mother bonds with childChild bonds with motherBetter nutrition CheaperMakes poop smell betterRight amount/temperatureAntibodies which makes infant resistant to infectionsHuman growth hormoneReduce mother uterus faster Food you should never feed a child under 3 years old GrapesPeanut Butter PeppermintsNutsHoneyHard candyHard to chew foodPopcorn When a child is fed and changed but does not receive the emotional bond of a caregiver what term describes their growth pattern Deprivation Dwarfism According to Thomas and Chess the majority of children fall into one of three main personality categories. -Slow to warm-Easy-Difficult According to a study on attachment patterns between caregivers and children there are four Secure attachmentDisorganized/disoriented attachmentAvoidant attachment ambivalent

Women and the MBA

Women and the MBA Men vs. Women in Business School Whether you are a man or a woman, business school can help you achieve your career goals. An MBA can open doors that you never knew existed.  Currently, almost half of the people who take the GMAT are of the female persuasion. Unfortunately, women only account for 30% of enrollment in MBA programs. Though this is a significant increase over the last 25 to 30 years, it still proves that there is an imbalance within the world of MBAs. This imbalance has led to new and more enthusiastic recruiting methods. Graduate business schools are constantly seeking more qualified female applicants and have become more aggressive in their attempts. They have even begun to adapt their programs and clubs to make them more appealing to business women. Why Women Should Enroll in MBA Programs When you earn an MBA degree, it opens up doors all over the business world. An MBA is extremely versatile and will be valuable to you no matter what industry you decide to enter. MBAs work in both large and small corporations, non profit organizations, health care fields, government establishments, and many other types of business settings. Many MBA graduates have also utilized their degree to start their own business. An MBA will give you a general management education and increase your chances of moving into senior-level positions. An MBA degree can also help the pocketbook. MBA graduates are often the highest paid employees within the US. Why More Women Dont Enroll in MBA Programs When surveyed, most female MBA graduates have positive things to say about their business school experience. So, why don’t more women enroll? Here are the most common complaints and misconceptions: Many women mistakenly perceive business school as a place where they will not be welcome by the male-dominated population.There are not enough women role models and business leaders.There are not enough female professors. The faculty is often male-dominated.MBA programs are inflexible and/or not compatible with personal goals. Choosing a Business School Before choosing a business school, make sure that you consider both the learning environment and the campus culture. You will find that some business schools are more supportive of female students than others. To learn more about the school, try talking to the admissions office, current students, and alumni. Some schools are so eager to acquire more women candidates that they offer special scholarships and financial aid programs to female candidates. Make sure that you evaluate all of the options before making a decision. Scholarship Resources for Women Many schools have scholarship opportunities that they make available to women applicants. Women can also pursue scholarships that are offered by these professional womens organizations: C200American Business Women’s Association (ABWA)Business Professional Women (BPW Foundation) ​Online Resources for Women There are many different resources available to women who are interested in pursuing an MBA. Here is just an example: National Association for Female Executives (NAFE)CatalystForte FoundationWomen for Hire

Aircraft Warfare in WWI

Aircraft Warfare in WWI During the first World War,  the industrialization of the aircraft industry became entrenched as a vital piece of the modern war machine. Although it was just shy of two decades after the first airplane  was flown in the United States in 1903, by the time the WWI broke out, the military already had plans for these new means of warfare. In the years leading up to World War One, military aviation was sponsored by powerful people in government and business, and by 1909 both France and Germany had military air branches with a focus on reconnaissance and bombing. During the war, the belligerents quickly took to the air to gain an advantage. Pilots were initially sent up on missions to photograph enemy bases and troop movements so war strategists could plan their next moves, but as pilots began shooting at one another, the idea of aerial combat emerged as a new means of warfare that would someday evolve into the drone-strike technology we have today. The Invention of Aerial Combat The biggest leap forward in early aerial combat came when Frenchman Roland Garros attached a machine gun to his plane, making an attempt to synchronize with the propeller and use metal bands to deflect bullets from this vital piece of machinery. After a brief period of aerial dominance, Garros crashed and the Germans were able to study his craft. Dutchman Anthony Fokker, who was working for the Germans, then created interrupter gear to allow a machine gun to be safely shot and miss the propeller. Fierce aerial combat with dedicated fighter planes then followed. The cult of the air ace and their tally of kills was close behind; it was used by British, French, and German media to inspire their nations and none were more famous than Manfred von Richthofen, better known as the Red Baron  because of the color of his plane. Plane technology, pilot training, and aerial combat techniques all developed rapidly during the first parts of World War One, with advantage switching back and forth with each new development. Battle formation developed by around 1918, when there could be more than a hundred planes all working on the same attack plan. The Effects of the War Training was just as deadly as flying; over half of the Royal Flying Corps casualties occurred in training and, as a result, the air arm had become a recognized and highly distinguished part of the military. However, neither side ever achieved total air superiority for very long though the Germans briefly managed to cover their small base at  Verdun  in 1916 with a dominant air cover. By 1918, aerial warfare had become so important that there were thousands of planes crewed and supported by hundreds of thousands of people, all produced by a massive industry. Despite the belief- then and now- that this war was fought by individuals daring to fly for either side, aerial warfare was really one of attrition instead of victory. The effect of aircraft on the outcome of the war was indirect. They didn’t achieve victories but were invaluable in supporting infantry and artillery. Despite the evidence to the contrary, people left the war assuming that the aerial bombardment of civilians could destroy morale and end a war sooner. The German bombing of Britain- via zeppelin in 1915- failed to have any effect and the war continued anyway. Still, this belief persisted into WWII where both sides terror-bombed civilians in order to try to force a surrender.

Business environment College Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Business environment College - Research Paper Example Circular 8 enables a foreign investor to establish a wholly-owned company anywhere in China, with full-fledged trading and distribution rights for as little capital as USD 60,000. The key barriers mentioned above have also been removed, and there is no longer a distinction made between foreign and domestic trade. As a result, companies are no longer required to segment their marketing efforts and can present a single, coherent "face" to the marketplace (Cassie Wong). Ever since China gained membership to the World Trade Organization (WTO), there has been increasing interest from foreign investors in the commercial possibilities that the country offers. The Banking industry of a country plays an important role in the economic well being of that country. The Chinese Banking industry is also effectively serving the purpose of supporting the process of economic growth in China. With the GDP growth rate of approximately 10% an year the assets of the Banking sector in China is also multipl ying. The country launched its open door policy 26 years ago. Since the policy introduction the FDI flows in the country received a quick response. In 2004 China was at no.2nd position in the world of FDI with $64 billion. The Chinese FDI trends can be examined in two phases. First phase: 1979-82 Second phase: 1984-91 Third phase: 1992-99 In the first phase the government establish for special zones with incentive policies. Although there was a high inflow into those regions, the total FDI flow reached US $ 1.8 billion. In the second phase the provinces were opened and recorded US $ 10.3 billion. In 1989 however the trend dropped. In the third phase Deny Xiaoping opened China for overall economic reform. The phase was very fruitful for China. The government introduced new policies and market oriented economic reform. In result of these reforms the FDI's started flowing into the Chinese economy at rocket speed. In November 1999 US-China had an agreement regarding the WTO, according to which many new reforms were made (Sandra, 2001) those included. The sectors relating to the distribution services will be opened for repair and maintenance and China will phase in trading rights and distribution services over three years. The Government for the investment opened the telecommunication industry of China. The professionals were also allowed

Why are Prisons over crowed And how can we change this today Essay

Why are Prisons over crowed And how can we change this today - Essay Example husetts Correction Institute at Bridgewater (Boston) in 1855, followed by the Illinois State Penitentiary at Joliet (Chicago), and the Indiana State Penitentiary at Michigan City (South Bend), both in 1860. A new era in the U.S prison system dawned in 1876 when the rehabilitative doctrine was introduced. The new doctrine was accepted with alacrity and enthusiasm, with the first prison in which it was introduced, the Elmira State Reformatory at Elmira (New York), nicknamed â€Å"the new penology.† The rehabilitative doctrine was actively implemented in all U.S. prisons between 1900 and 1970. Since then however, the accessibility and effectiveness of rehabilitative programs have steadily decreased in U.S prisons [Encarta.msn.com]. The U.S has the dubious distinction of having the highest incarceration rate in the world. Its prison population was 1,078,542 in 1995, which rose to 1,316,333 in 2000 and 2,261,876 in 2004 [Encarta.msn.com]. In 2005, the number of people incarcerated was 2,320,359 [Fellner]. The rate of incarceration was 737 inmates per 100,000 U.S residents, or 1 out of every 136 U.S residents [Drug War Facts]. African-Americans and Hispanics comprised 60% or 1,392,215 of the incarcerated population; among every 10,000 incarcerated inmates, 3,145 were African-American, 1,244 were Hispanics and 471 were whites, thus making the number of African-Americans and Hispanics 6.6 times and 2.4 times more than whites respectively. Of the incarcerated inmates in 2005, 30% of the total female prisoners and 20% of the total male prisoners totaling 337,872 (of whom 133,100 were African-American) were convicted of drug crimes. 93% of all prisoners were male, most of them poor, having an average education level o f 11th grade [Fellner]. A 2006 study by the bipartisan Commission on Safety & Abuse in America’s Prisons discovered that within a period of 3 years of their release, 67% of former inmates were arrested and 52% of them were imprisoned again. The study concluded

Market Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Market Analysis - Assignment Example In the course of the Choice-based study, I looked at three main attributes: Region, Brand and Price. Each attribute had two main options. Region had a not well-known region and well known region. Brand had a not well-known brand and well-known brand. Finally, price had low and high price. Each choice set was accompanied by three distinct alternatives. The two options assigned to each factor were based on the evaluation of the desired choice. In conjoint analysis, the two options are referred to as levels. To be able to have a clear understanding of the attributes and levels of the product (wine) each attribute encompassed a number of aspects. For instance, brand included aspects such as the producer, distributer and the retailer while region mainly represented the location of the product that is the manufacturing place and distribution place. The advantage of using a conjoint analysis is because it provides a choice that is discrete and it is able to put a dollar value on the attributes and their levels. This study adapted a choice based conjoint category where every respondent selects only one alternative based on the on a given choice set. However, the choices may tend not to contain all the alternatives (Wiley, 2010, p.36). Below is a table showing a summary of the product attributes and the levels that were tested in this analysis: Given the choice set of the response alternatives for the eight choice design set, the conjoint model is mainly used to determine the overall best alternative based on the choices within the attribute utility scores. A choice set refers to a set of alternatives. In the course of determining the best alternative, the respondent may not be in a position to use all the alternatives that are present. The utility scores derived from the Choice-Based study with an increase of $ 5 in price are represented in the table below: Each attribute level score together with the scores

Information and Communication Technology Research Paper

Information and Communication Technology - Research Paper Example It is known that each moment, new technological advancements are made in ICT. This effectively results in relatively new systems fast getting outdated. These rapid changes have necessitated the working staff to continuously seek more knowledge in order to keep pace with the times. Those who cannot adapt to new ways, as a result, lose their jobs. The financial sector is one such sector that must continuously adapt to new ways in order to prevent and fight frauds that could easily be executed online. Developments in ICT have seen the introduction and successful use of credit and debit cards, automated teller machines, security equipment, and advanced surveillance equipment all of which rely on computer technology. Traditional regulatory frameworks have become increasingly inadequate for rapid challenges such as convergence witnessed in ICT sectors in the world. This has become a great challenge to regulatory bodies which have to adopt technology-neutral or equal regulatory treatment of the different communication and information infrastructure as a way of controlling the sector (ITU et al., 2009). Regulation of ICT Sector According to Baldwin, "Regulation as an activity can be described as a discrete and identifiable, focused and sustained exercise aimed at controlling activities that are valuable to a community by public agency or government" (Baldwin and Cave, 1999). Regulation may also be described as a deliberate set of commands, which are specific and take all forms of influence or social control, by a governing agency to control items that are valuable to the public (Baldwin and Cave, 1999). Baldwin and Cave argue that regulation is one of the most controversial issues cutting across a host of disciplines including economics, law, political science, history, sociology, geography, psychology, social administration, and management. Due to the apparent complexity of the issue of regulation, a multidisciplinary approach of the theories that exist must be taken (Baldwin and Cave, 1999). The above fact can more easily be expressed by considering a simple example: if economists devised technically sound regulatory schemes they would prove to be of infinitesimal significance if warnings or challenges brought forward by sociologists and political scientists, pointing out reasons such schemes would not work as anticipated by the economists, are taken for granted. In a similar way, lawyers' bits of advice concerning limitations of certain enforcement processes and rules should be considered for the effective implementation of the scheme. Regulations have existed in various forms to deal with a host of issues. The importance of regulation can be clearly seen in areas relating to industrial relations, monopolies, workplace safety and health, gaming, civil aviation,and discrimination.

Organizational Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Organizational Communication - Essay Example Logically, communication plays a key role in conflict management. This is because the conflicting parties are required to talk about the basis of their conflict. Besides these, people can socialize and work towards the goal of the organization. Additionally, communication promotes innovation. Arguably, communication mainly promotes productivity, regulation and coordination of the organization (Baker, 2002 p10). This is because the organization is able to put across its goals and expectations of its employees. In summary, communication plays key roles in organization as it eventually leads to productivity. Andrew did not begin his winery mainly as a wide business idea, but as a family business. However, the turning point came when he made a report and was asked to head the winery. This organization depicts growth and development of an organization. This is evident when Andrew makes a presentation to the potential market and was placed the president. This shows professionalism and expertise. Additionally, he took time to learn about agriculture. The changes affect the organization. This is because Alice says that the organization grows at a faster rate. Therefore, Andrews Winery was growing from a small scale to a large-scale organization. However, the winery’s growth seems to affect the employees. This is because the organization does not maintain its original way of handling the investors. This, therefore, has a negative affect on the organization’s business and prosperity. Therefore, it would have been better if the growth was gradual. Additionally, they cannot talk to Bill, which indicates that this organization lacks adequate communication

What similarities and differences are there between historical and Essay

What similarities and differences are there between historical and scientific explanations - Essay Example Hence, scientists usually refuse to work in collaboration with historians and philosophers (Keller 2615). However, scientists should understand that the even though way they work and the way people from philosophy and historical field work are different, it does not mean that historians are wrong. Historians and philosophers use their creativity to reach conclusions. However, their creativity is based on the facts they have studied from the fragments available from the past and not based on the imagination. Even though their methods are different, their intention is one and that is to bring the truth in front of the world and let them know how things work. Hence, even though there are some similarities in the way the scientists and the historians work, there also are some differences and these differences make life a beautiful place to live. The theories developed by scientists have an intention of predicting a particular phenomenon (Peters 147). Their theories are developed to describe the functioning of a chosen subject in a scientific way. Scientists insist that the theories they develop are based on minute observation of the way the subject functions and hence, are able to predict the behavior of the subject in the future. According to Popper, a theory which tried to explain a phenomenon should also be able to tell how the phenomenon will function in the future (Peters 147). On the other hand, the theories developed by historians are not aimed at predating anything (Peters 147). The theories developed by historians aim at understanding the developmental stages of the event or an entity from the past (Peters 147). For example, their theories try to explain how people in ancient ages used to collect food, how they used to make clothes without machineries, what tools they used to fight animals etc. They are interested in understanding how the inhabitants lived their life in the past. Hence,

Organizational Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Organizational Communication - Essay Example Logically, communication plays a key role in conflict management. This is because the conflicting parties are required to talk about the basis of their conflict. Besides these, people can socialize and work towards the goal of the organization. Additionally, communication promotes innovation. Arguably, communication mainly promotes productivity, regulation and coordination of the organization (Baker, 2002 p10). This is because the organization is able to put across its goals and expectations of its employees. In summary, communication plays key roles in organization as it eventually leads to productivity. Andrew did not begin his winery mainly as a wide business idea, but as a family business. However, the turning point came when he made a report and was asked to head the winery. This organization depicts growth and development of an organization. This is evident when Andrew makes a presentation to the potential market and was placed the president. This shows professionalism and expertise. Additionally, he took time to learn about agriculture. The changes affect the organization. This is because Alice says that the organization grows at a faster rate. Therefore, Andrews Winery was growing from a small scale to a large-scale organization. However, the winery’s growth seems to affect the employees. This is because the organization does not maintain its original way of handling the investors. This, therefore, has a negative affect on the organization’s business and prosperity. Therefore, it would have been better if the growth was gradual. Additionally, they cannot talk to Bill, which indicates that this organization lacks adequate communication

Trifles and A Jury of Her Peers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Trifles and A Jury of Her Peers - Essay Example The latter can be regarded as an adaptation of the former. After exploring the two works, the reader can evidently realize that there are certain differences, as well as similarities that exist in the works (Gainor 42). In this regard, this paper will compare and contrast the two works, giving similarities and differences that are existent in the works. Similarities and differences between Trifles and A jury of her peers While â€Å"Trifles† is the original play written by the author, â€Å"A jury of Her Peers† can be regarded as a short story, which is a rewriting of the play. The story can be classified as narrative when compared to the play. Although the two works have the similar characters, the story gives the reader a chance to know the feelings, emotions, as well as thoughts of the characters. This means that the play describes the characters narrowly while the story goes in depth in the description of the characters (Gainor 42). The other way in which the two wo rks can be contrasted is with regard to the way males and females tend to be characterized. There are differences in the author’s depiction of both male and female characters in the play and the story. In the story, men can be said to have more depth than in the play. This emanates from the fact that there is in depth explanation of the male characters in the story as compared to the play. Actors had to decide how they will depict gender in the play; on the other hand, depiction of gender in the short story is based on the author’s interpretation of the play. In this regard, therefore, it can be argued that there is more detailed explanation of characters (especially with regard to aspects of gender) in the story than in the play. The other difference between the short story and the play is that the story gives a clearer and in depth discussion of how the main characters relate to each other; this is not evident from the play. For example, the short story depicts the r elationship that exists between Mr. and Mrs. Hale with a lot of clarity. From the story, it becomes possible to get how the characters feel towards each other and their reaction towards one another’s behaviour. However, this is not evident in the play. The play does not give the reader any room for interpreting the behaviour of the characters. Thus, it is not possible to come to the realization why characters behave in certain ways (Gainor 43). The other difference between the two works is that the story brings out the issue of male dominance with a lot of clarity than the play. In the story, it is possible to gain an understanding of the various ways in which men dominate women and exercise authority towards them. This is not so in the play; as â€Å"Trifles† does not go deeply into the heart of the matter. The short story also explains the reactions and response of females towards domination by men; on the contrary, it is not possible to know how women react towards women from the play. There also exists a difference between the play and the short story in that the play involves a performance, which can be regarded as live. This means that the audience has little control regarding what happens. On the other hand, there are lots of interruptions in the short story since ambiguity enables the reader to think outside the box (Gainor 44). Apart from the differences that exist between these two works, there are also some similarities

Technology learning Essay Example for Free

Technology learning Essay Thru the use of technology learning becomes more interactive, in such a ways, I got a chance to enjoy my class and appreciate modern tools. With the proper use of the technologies, students life is now easier as compare as before. Instead of spending more time doing my research in the library, I got the comfort of doing it in my room using online or e libraries. The internet itself serves as another medium of knowledge for me since I developed into being a resourceful person; I used my navigation skills to look for a certain things. When presenting ideas or doing reports in front of the class, it is an advantage if you do it in power point presentation. Itll be able to have more class attention and participation. It makes your report more presentable since it allows you to use your creativity in matching information with photographs. Microsoft Excel though it looks more complicated it makes your tallying task easier. I no longer need calculator since the office program does the computation manually. I use this most of the time keep an outline of my daily tasks. Blogging is becoming a trend online, more than being a fashion it serves as online diary of my day to day learning experience. It is plus when doing group works since you can update each other with the current status of your report by simply logging to your group blog. Technologies greatly affect our life however you don’t let technology manipulate you but you use it a positive way that it will bring comfort in your daily living.

Stakeholder their importance and engagement

Stakeholder their importance and engagement Introduction Stakeholder is someone who has interest in any organization, project, or business institute. Stakeholder analysis is critical. Stakeholder analysis is a tool or a set of tools. This uses for generating knowledge about individuals and organizations. The main aim is to understand their behaviour, intentions, interactions and interests. This also helps to assessing the influence and resources they bring to bear on decision making or implementation processes. In general these stakeholder included staff, shareholder, owner, government, media, community, customer, supplier, creditor, trade union. Stakeholder analysis  used to identify constrain and conflict in  project management and  business administration. This information is used to assess how the interests of those stakeholders should be addressed in a  project  plan,  policy, program, or other action. Stakeholder analysis is a key part of  stakeholder management. Define the terms Terms of stakeholder refers to individual or groups who can effect or effected by a corporation activity. (Sevendsen, 1998) People who have direct or indirect effect on any project can called stakeholders. Stakeholder analysis is analyzing the attitude of stakeholder towards something (business, project, government). Stakeholder could be a person or group and they can react positively or negatively towards the project or business, government. According to their impact there are three types of stakeholders. Primary stakeholder: the person or group, who ultimately affected by the project .It could be negatively or positively. Customers, owners, employees, associates, partners, contractors, suppliers, people that are related or local people are normally the primary stakeholders. Secondary stakeholder: mainly the intermediaries, the person or group indirectly affected by organisation action. Secondary stakeholder could be the community. Key stakeholders: this group can be part of first two groups as well. They have significant influence upon or impact within any organisation. This happened when secondary stake holder got influence. For example community some time could create pressure if they are on legal ground. There is some suggestion by different writer about the method of stakeholder mapping According to Mitchell, et al. (1997) stakeholder is classed based on power to influence. However, according to Johnson and Schools (1993) Stakeholder analysis or stakeholder mapping has evolved in recent years as at method for analysing the likely interests and actions of stakeholders. Stakeholder analysis means assess the stakeholder according to their interest and influence. Stakeholders are categorised on a graph rating their level of interest against the power they possess to exercise those interests. The stakeholders in this way are broadly divided into four groups; low interest/low power (A), high interest/low power (B), low interest/high power (C) and high interest/high power (D). Stake holder mapping is strategic business tool, this identify deferent level of power and influence acquire by stake holder. It also examined the power stake holder can exert, the relative likelihood of them using the power, and their level of interest regarding the companys activities. The objective of this analysis is to find out which potential group or individual stakeholder is more likely to affect the company. Then the company need to decide how to attend those group or individual stakeholders. Stakeholders are divided in four groups.Presentation1.jpg Figure According to figure 1 section has low level of interest and low level of power. To explain this diagram the writer use Manchester united football club. So for Manchester United (MU) in section A would be press, government, UEFA (Union of European Football Associations) they all got little effort on MU. They also got low interest in MU fuctions.MU can informed them after any decisions made. Section D is included fans, player, staff, FA (Football Association), supplier. This group need to inform. They got low power on decisions make, but got high interest on MU events. Section C is lenders, sponsor they need to satisfy on any change or decisions made. As they got high power MU need to care full of any warning sing for them. Finally section D is the key players the owner (Glazer), who got the high interest power and high interest. They can make any strategic choice. Benefits Stakeholder analysis has been used as management and strategic tool identifying optional strategy and managing other stakeholder , identifying current and future opportunity and threat and how best to handle them (Blair and Fottler, 1996) the main aim is to how much and what kind of attention need pay to stakeholders. For any project knowing the stakeholder interest is vital. This could lead to project success and also the failure of any project. It is very help full to know stakeholder interest. This allows the project manager to become proactive. For example if there is project of building of gym .Then the project planer can implement the customer interstate(modern gym instruments) the same time they can think of government interest ,fire exist .Both stakeholder preference can prevent future implication. These possible could be losing customer and accuse by health and safety. This analysis helps to bypass the future complication. Moreover it saves cost of future change and penalty. Project often get failure, because of protest from stakeholder. Stakeholder can be motivated by the managers. There is a mechanism to influence these stake holders. The information about stakeholder can be used by the managers to make mechanism to influence stakeholders. Stakeholder analysis is a great tool to bypass any possible risks. This risk can come from any stakeholders. Recently BT took some steps to increase its share price. It establishes a telephone exchange in Hong Kong and did some more investment in telecom industry. This all increase their share price. But at the same time BT make huge dept. This was not expected by the shareholders. So BT needs to sell some of its assets to reduce the debt. This happened, because of not considering shareholder expectation. BT could easily bypass this risk by pre- assessment of the full stakeholder analysis. Key stakeholder need to be informed about the project during the implementation stage .GMPTE building the metro link train service in team side area. It is long time project and creates a lot of traffic jam in this area. GMPTE is giving update in press or internet to keeping all stakeholders inform about the project condition. This giving them the support against the complication faces by the traveller and complains. This lets them do the project without any interruptions. By getting the most powerful stakeholder opinion, project planer can shape their project at early stage. Moreover, there is possibility to have support from them. All combine input can improve the total quality of the project. By gaining support from the powerful stakeholder will give access to more resources for project. This can make project successful. Advance and continues communication with the stakeholders will insure the stakeholders the activity of the project and their benefits. This will lead them to give every support when necessary. By capturing people reaction can let the project planer to build the project and put action plan to win people support. Stakeholder analysis helps to set the parameter of CSR (corporate social responsibility). Early stakeholder analysis can give sufficient information about the project. Moreover it can help the managers to take decision in future as well, like CSR .Stakeholder analysis gives detail information about all kind of stakeholders, which they can use in future. CSR is one of the elements of core competence and it is easily gain by the stakeholder analysis. It happened mostly in retail sector .They use all stake holder data for marketing communication and assesses them as potential buyer. Stakeholder mapping classify stakeholders and recognize groups possibly can influence and be affected by corporation decisions. Stakeholder mapping helps to develop the interaction between stakeholder and organisation. This is base on the stakeholder interest. For example when any new Tesco store open they send newsletter to the local community to keep them inform. Because they got high interest, but contribute little power. Disadvantage A big limitation on this analysis is the environment change. According to Vrvasovszky Brugha( 2000) the environment, the context of analysis, stakeholder interest, position, alliance and influence change over time. Political context can change over time. There are more likely to sudden transformation in developing countries .Therefore stakeholder analysis is time prospective. If the analysis takes too long to finish, the situation can change. This change is mainly happened in political position and legislation. As they both can change suddenly. The analysis result could go wrong on the basis of meaning of validity. This is because the respondent stakeholder answers are base on his or her position. If the changes by the project are on their favour, they will give a positive opinion about the project. Alternatively if the project can harm their desire, they could do the opposite. In Bangladesh a government own organization the National Telecommunication Board was converting to private sector. This project was faced huge protest by its employee. It was because the change will harm their current position (Und, 2009). Analyst could be influenced by their own value, prospective and understanding the policy issue, which is essential to do the analysis. Most of the time the analysts are from stakeholder, or acting on behalf of stakeholders .They could think about their interest and use the analysis to picture their aim. Sometimes it is impossible to shape the project, as to satisfy different stakeholder. This happened when different staked holder has different interest and each oppose other. For example Tesco chain store is expanding all over UK. Recently they open a new store in Middleton, Manchester. When they built the store they need to build a leisure centre, to satisfy the council. This extra constriction cost was not accepted by shareholders. According to Tesco official (2011) to build a new store it takes about  £10 million for each supper store. This types of cost may be oppose by the shareholder and bring a conflict between stakeholders. This also encourages the project planer over budgeting and could lead to project failure. Analysing for big project, need to consider different level and different kind of stakeholders. It is very complicated to that, as it is hard to consider which stakeholders might have power and who do not. Conclusion On the base of discussion from different scholar, the writer comes up the summary of the report. Stakeholder analysis is vital for any project. Because it bring the fundamental thing of project constrain, success factor and risk. Moreover, it shows the stakeholder engagement with the project and brings their interest. In this report it also seen that it has some limitation. But those limitation can be overcome easily and have perfect analysis of stakeholder. The analysis can build right project plan and that is the major thing in project success.

The HIPAA Privacy Rule and Marketing Communications Essay -- Medical M

Protecting patient information is an important task for any health care provider. The Heath Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), also known as the Standards for Privacy of Individually Identifiable Health Information, was approved by the United States Congress in 1996. It was the first act to provide national regulations for the use of patient health information. This privacy rule outlines the boundaries for the use of personal health information, including specific guidelines to ensure HIPAA-compliance. In order to market under HIPAA, there are certain privacy rules in place to protect patients. According to HIPAA, marketing is defined as â€Å"a communication about a product or service that encourages recipients to purchase or use the product or service†2. This definition can include any type of marketing communication. Marketing also includes when a covered entity is paid by a third party for patient health information that they can use for their own purpos es. It also covers cases of an associate communicating and encouraging patients to buy or use their product or service. Covered entities, which include health providers, health plans, and health care clearinghouses, must receive authorization to use patient’s health information for marketing but there are a few exceptions to this rule. Marketing activities that are permitted without prior authorization include face-to-face encounters as well as giving promotional gifts of little value, such as pens or mugs. A good example of this would be a covered entity giving new mothers a free sample of baby products as they leave the hospital. Covered entities may discuss the health benefits of a product or service to a patient, along with describing health plan options, ... ...portant that the health care provider understands when authorization from the patient must be obtained and when it is not needed. Knowledge of the HIPAA Privacy Rule is essential for any health care provider as well as their staff in order to ensure that any marketing communications are HIPAA compliant. Works Cited 1) Association for Healthcare Philanthropy. Question 5 – Newsletters, Patient Education. Retrieved from http://www.ahp.org/advocacy/us/HIPAA/Analysis/Pages/Question5Long.aspx 2) Direct Marketing Association (2002, August). The Privacy Provisions of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. Retrieved from http://www.dmaresponsibility.org/HIPPA/#III1 3) Johnson, P. (2011, September 6). HIPAA: How does it relate to marketing? Retrieved from http://www.oandp.com/blogs/marketing-matters/post/HIPAA-How-Does-It-Relate-to-Marketing.aspx

Product Quality

Does product quality guarantee the success of a business? Various factors are analyzed to examine whether or not a good quality product by itself can propel a business into success. A product of good quality can be defined as one that best satisfies the consumer’s needs at the price they are willing to pay. While it is integral to business success, it is certainly not the only factor that guarantees it, simply because businesses function as an integrated whole, and the success of only one part does not guarantee success of the entire organization.Business success can be referred to as an achievement of common objectives such as profitability, growth, or increasing market share. A good quality product undeniably brings positive contributions to the success of a business. One benefit is customer satisfaction. Once they are satisfied with the product, the customer will be likely to make repeat purchases, and over time develop a strong loyalty towards the brand. When the business has a reputation for producing good quality products with a strong customer base, it establishes itself in a strong position in the market, giving it the opportunity to increase its market share.As a result, retailers would be more willing to stock their products, giving the business more options in terms of the channel of distribution, and thus giving them a competitive advantage. This can also lead to marketing economies of scale, whereby a cross marketing of brands can be used to strongly promote different products simultaneously because an overall positive brand image has been created. Another cost saving is that fewer complaints will need to be dealt with, and because of this, fewer repairs and wastage costs will be incurred.These savings of average costs could then be kept as retained profits, or invested in business growth, proving beneficial to business success. Read more in Business  « Globalization: A Natural Phenomenon Establishing Business Communications in an Emerging Company  » It is evident, then, that businesses must find some sort of way of monitoring quality that best suits them to ensure quality products are consistently produced. This could involve quality control, where inspectors check a sample of finished products for defects, or quality assurance, where quality is the responsibility of each worker and is built into the production process.Quality control could perhaps work better with management that believe in a more strictly controlled work environment, whereas quality assurance works better if management empower and trust workers more, allowing them participation in the improvement process. Provided these methods are implemented well enough, and are appropriate to the corporate culture of the business, this crucial aspect influencing business success can be ensured.However, because businesses operate in complex environments there are many other contributing factors to business success, which, if not integrated with good product qu ality, will have negative effects. From a marketing perspective, in the research and development stage, market research must be conducted accurately to predict demand; otherwise, even if a very good quality product is produced, if a target market is not defined or there is no demand for it at all, then the product will fail.In the development process, value analysis should be conducted, where the appearance, performance and the economy of manufacture of the product should be compared to achieve an ideal balance. If the business solely relied on product quality, it would focus on appearance and performance and neglect the economy of manufacture, which could lead to the production of a good that customers find to be of high quality, but costs so much to produce that it is not profitable to the business, and not worth making.

How to Keep Your Body Healthy

Jennifer Ellin April 13, 2013 English 0950 How to keep your body healthy Picture yourself overweight and just absolutely miserable and a person wants a brand new makeover. There are several different ways to keep your body happy, healthy and to prevent all illnesses. One thing a person should plan is maintaining a healthy goal. In order to do that, a person should consume all the nutrition one can handle. A human body needs carbohydrates, plenty of protein and fats. A human should be burning more calories than consumed. Eliminate a lot of sweets and don’t ever avoid skipping meals.Doctors and nutritionists recommend eating up to 6 small meals instead of 3 large ones but have to watch out on portion sizes. Low energy foods are good like fruits and vegetables and also water and lots of fiber. Fiber will help digest and keep your body full longer. Drink a lot of water. Celery and chewing gum will help burn calories also just by chewing; Yogurt helps also. A person should be getti ng a lot of rest at night. Adults should get a maximum of 9 hours of sleep a night and kids should get about 10-11 hours of sleep. One of the most important ways of improving sleep is to do it in complete darkness.Small amounts of light can interfere with body rest. Another of the best ways to improve a nights rest is to exercise. Sleeping is also a great way to prevent overeating. There are more ways to exercise besides hitting the gym. A person can exercise where ever felt most comfortable like in the privacy at home. There’s one effective way to improve cardiovascular health and it’s to do interval training. Interval training is switching back and forth between high and low intensity activities. If someone decides to do the interval trainings, it will help improve heart health and endurance.There are lots of ways to improve a human’s psychological health. Developing meaningful relationships by being social with other people is a great way. Another way is lear ning to have a healthy relationship. Learn to understand your own emotions so you can know yourself better and also learn to cope better with emotional pain. Improving your sex life is a good one. There are benefits to a healthy sex life such as reducing depression. Keep your mind flexible. Reading more is the best way. You should also keep yourself mentally active. It’s very rewarding.It’s also known to decrease chances of getting Alzheimer’s disease. Make a few lifestyle changes. Doing many types of different outdoor activities. Limit computer time to a few hours a day. Walking more is great for the body. A stressful environment is a no go. So try to keep calm no matter what the circumstance is. If someone is in a situation that can’t be handled, step outside and get some fresh air. Outdoor air is great for the body. It is important that we pay attention to the body. Our body tells us what we need and don’t need. Take into consideration that when a body is ill, there is something wrong.

Human Aggression Essay

This essay concerns one of the most influential works on human behavior today. The title of this article is â€Å"Human Aggression. † This research was conducted by Craig A. Anderson and Brad J. Bushman who are both connected with the Department of Psychology at the Iowa State University. Their research was published in the Annual Review Psychology Journal 2002, vol. 53 pages 27 to 51. Introduction We have heard or witnessed accounts of people victimized by violence. Last September 2001, several hijackers took control of several planes and made them crash through the twin towers of the World Trade Center. Barely several minutes after, another plane hit the Pentagon. In these events hundreds of people died while thousands more were seriously injured. It is true that historically we are all aware that humans are capable of violent behavior. â€Å"Human violence is not new. † (Arthur G. Miller, Ch 8 p. 169) Thus, the act of one person killing another should not come as a surprise for us. Yet in the past years, human behavior is getting more violent. These past events have triggered the scientists and psychologists to once again examine the root cause of violence in human behavior. One of the recent studies was made by Craig A. Anderson and Brad J. Bushman. This essay seeks to understand the General Aggression Model which is a theoretical model proposed by Anderson and Bushman. The objective is to analyze this model in relation to the previous researches on aggressive human behavior and to determine the essential differences of this research to the previous studies. An overview of how this research was conducted will also be explained. The General Aggression Model Anderson and Bushman acknowledged the works of the previous researchers before them. These previous researches have all immensely contributed to our present understanding of how violence is brought about. Some of these researches concluded that the accessibility of guns, global warming, violence against children in schools and widespread exposure to violent entertainment media are all contributing factors to increasing violence. Several theories have also been proposed on human aggression. These are the Cognitive Neo-association Theory, Social Learning Theory, Script Theory, and the Excitation Transfer Theory. Anderson and Bushman believe, however, that these researches on human aggression need a theoretical model that will integrate all these works into a complete whole. (Gerald Amada, 2005, p. 2) They quote a statement made by Jules Henri Poincare, to wit: â€Å"Science is built up with fact, as a house is with stone. But a collection of fact is no more a science than a heap of stones is a house. (Poincare) This theoretical model is known as the General Aggression Model. The General Aggression Model is primarily a theoretical model. There were no specific subjects used or laboratory experiments conducted. It simply incorporated the existing theories that have been published about human aggression. What makes it different from the other research on this topic is that it adds form and structure to the present theories about human aggression by unifying these mini-theories about aggressive behavior to form one complete model on Human Aggression. The General Aggression Model (GAM) examines the effect of certain variables interacting with the thoughts, mood and emotion and the arousal of an individual that may lead to the commission of violence. According to Anderson & Bushman, our thoughts, mood and emotion and our arousal not only interact with each other to determine whether a person will engage in aggressive behavior but they are influenced by two factors: a) the Situation Factors and b) the Person Factors. The Situation Factors pertain to the features of the particular situation that may increase or decrease the aggression. For example: insult, frustration, drugs, the presence of a gun, the presence of a religious leader or the presence of uncomfortable situation. This means that depending on the presence or absence of any of these variables there is a higher or lower probability that aggressive behavior will follow. The Person Factors pertain to the characteristics of a person that he brings to the particular situation. These Person Factors include: traits, beliefs, attitude, sex, values and long-term goals. This means that a person’s beliefs can serve as a powerful stimulus that may influence aggressive. For example, a person who has the tendency to feel that he has been unjustly treated by others is more likely to become suspicious of other people, and to harbor ill will against others. He is also more likely to engage in aggressive behavior. (Stephen Swartz, 2007, p. 2) Under the GAM, the Person Factors and the Situation Factors are only the first stage to the commission of human aggression. The second stage happens when there is an interaction between the Person Factors/Situation Factors with the three internal states: the cognition (hostile thoughts), affect (mood and emotion) and the arousal (physiological process). For example, when a child is exposed to a television show which exhibits violent scenes (Situation Factors) this has an effect on the cognitive in the sense that it gives access to the child’s hostile thoughts. Constant exposure therefore to these violent scenes means that access to hostile thoughts is increased making it more likely that the child will develop a script of his own and manifest aggressive behavior. (Thomas Brady, 2004 p. 3) The relationship between violent video games and human aggression is made clear using the GAM. This research warns us that adolescents’ exposure to video games increases the likelihood that he will behave aggressively. (Thomas A. Kooijmans, 2004, p. 1) Video games like Doom or mortal combat explicitly shows two characters attacking each other and trying to kill each other. (Situational Factor) This variable interacts with the Arousal or the physiological changes that are already happening to a child who is reaching puberty. The third stage is the appraisal and the decision making process. At this stage the individual evaluates and appraises all these variables that enter his brain. From then on he will either make a snap judgment (impulsive decision) or he may re-appraise the whole situation and come up with a more controlled and deliberate action. And then the last stage is the outcome. Evaluation of the General Aggression Model The GAM is unlike the previous theories of human behavior. It is more complex and at the same time it is more integrative. (â€Å"Psychology: An International Perspective†) It is more complex in the sense that it takes into account not only the character traits and the personality of the individual but it also includes his internal state such as his emotions and thoughts. It is more integrative because it successfully saw the connection among the past researches on human aggression and combined them under the GAM. The GAM is also more realistic compared to the other mini-theories on human aggression. Some of the other theories on human behavior even boldly claim that there is a direct relationship between some variables or factors such that the presence of these variables can help predict human behavior. On the other hand, the GAM only highlights how complex human behavior is. There are so many processes that must be taken into consideration before we could actually predict human behavior. As the Anderson and Bushman explained, the Situational Factors and the Person Factors are not the only variables to be considered in predicting future aggressive behavior. Any researcher must also take into account the person’s internal state such as his mental state, emotional state and the physical state. Before, I thought that engaging in aggressive behavior or performing an act that causes damage to another is always a conscious and deliberate product of the mind or the emotion. I thought that if a person commits violent behavior it is either because it is premeditated or it is because of heightened emotion. It is only now that I realized that the stimulus for aggression may also come from extrinsic factors that have no relation to the person engaging in aggressive behavior. For me, the most significant piece of information I found in this research paper is that certain Situational Factors such as the hot temperature or existing frustration may result to aggression. Conclusion The General Aggression Model is indeed one of the most comprehensive researches that deal with aggressive human behavior. As a theoretical model of human aggression, it is the first research to see the connection between the person’s characteristics, the particular situation he is in, his thoughts, his emotion and the physiological processes in his body. Though it provides a model for explaining how aggressive behavior is brought about, it admits that human behavior is unpredictable.

Humana's low-cost Medicare drug plan is a way to lure seniors into its Essay

Humana's low-cost Medicare drug plan is a way to lure seniors into its managed care - Essay Example Humana Inc. with its new plan targets the seniors market, including low-income segment. The crux of the new strategy is the extremely low pricing for the drug-only policies. Proposed rates which are almost twice below the average, coupled with marketing agreement with the Wal-Mart stores, government subsidies and legislative support, should attract millions of new senior customers. This opportunity seems even more attractive given the projected decline in the market growth and increasing competition. Of course, simply lowering all the rates will decrease significantly company's margins. Therefore, the next stage of the marketing plan considers deploying the enroll-and-migrate strategy'' and putting emphasize on switching the attention of the newly acquired drug-only programs customers to the managed care programs. Sales personnel's effort would be directed at the promotion of these programs, which have higher rates and are much more lucrative for the Humana Inc. The author gives a brief dispassionate description of the Humana's management plans and provides the readers with corresponding figures where appropriate. However, the article contains several hints of the attitude expressed towards the plan. The heading contains the word "hook" with regard to the new low-price policy and the text develops the idea further. The means and ends of the upcoming measures are summarized in two brief sentences: â€Å"Their idea: offer dirt-cheap drug plans to grab millions of seniors. Then use the benefit as a stepping stone to a potentially richer market†. Undoubtedly, the article may attract some of the customers by informing them about the low-priced offering they might find appealing.

Age in acquiring first language Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Age in acquiring first language - Research Paper Example Society classifies individuals who speak the same language in a single group. In light of this, it is critical for one to understand the acquisition process and the relevance of the critical period in language acquisition. There are major theories of language acquisition exist in the development, which include linguistic nativism, behaviorism, and social interactionism. Linguistic nativism infers that language acquisition is a predetermined process. Nativists hypothesize that children are innately able in acquiring language. Supporters of behaviorism inferred that nurture played a main role in children’s acquisition of language. According to them, the environment through different agents such as parents modeled or taught children how to comprehend and speak a specific language. The focus of these theorists was on two major processes, operant and classical conditioning. The social-interactionism perspective asserts that both innate biological and social factors predispose children’s acquisition of language. According to them innate/biological factors such as a slowly maturing brain capable of assimilating new information and social factors such as parents, teachers influence language development in children. These theorists acknowledge the role of adults in supporting children’s language acquisition through child-directed speech. In addition, they acknowledge children’s personal intentional participation in language acquisition through their reliance on their innate nature. Before learning the rules that govern language, children communicate through crying and non-verbal communication (gestures). Later, interaction with parents enables them to develop oral language specific to their society and prepares them for the acquisition of other literacy skills. This shows that literacy development is a systematic gradual process. Children move from first stage of communicating (crying and non-verbal communication) to an intermediary stage (oral

Financial Accounting and reporting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Financial Accounting and reporting - Essay Example The key issues in this essay are diverse users of financial statements and the legal, regulatory; their needs have influences on financial statements, the implication of the regulations for the users, the role of the accounting and reporting standards, and ways through which different needs of various groups of users contrast. The first category of people who use financial information is investors. Investors who provide capital to a company are concerned about the levels of risk, and return from their respective investments. This group of users requires financial information to aid them in deciding whether they should buy or sell shares of a particular company. They are equally concerned about information that assists them to measure the ability of a company to offset cash dividend. The second category of people is employees. Employees need to know whether their employer is financially stable. They use this data to evaluate the employer’s ability to implement a fair remuneration package, provide retirement benefits, and be able to offer employment chances. Lenders use financial information to access the ability of a company to promptly pay both the principal and interest on loans. Other trade creditors and suppliers need financial information to enable them to gauge whether the amount owed to them are payable without default or delay. Customers are interested in financial information to determine the life span of an enterprise, especially when they have a long-term association with an enterprise such as the presenting solutions to both short and long-term problems. Government and their agencies use the financial information to regulate the activities of an enterprise and to determine tax policies. They also use the information to compute national income. Lastly, the public use financial information to determine the trends and recent development activities of an enterprise to

The history of united states Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The history of united states - Essay Example These differences emerge in terms of technological, cultural, and artistic change. History of the United States: Technological, Cultural, and Artistic Change The nature of progress throughout time is one of the fundamental differentiating factors between historical eras. While scholars contend that cultural and technological progress has been relatively uniform throughout human history, the explosion of industrial and digital technology throughout the 20th century constituted some of the most noticeable change in terms of lifestyle and culture. Indeed, an examination of the 20th century is impossible without an analysis of the significant progress that was achieved during the century. Through contrasting life during World War I and World II with life today, this essay constitutes a broad ranging investigation of technological, cultural, and artistic change within the United States. ... Life in the United States in 1911 lacked both modern radios and televisions (LeFeber). While radios existed during this period, it wasn’t until 1916 that the first radio emerged where individuals could change the station, greatly expanding the nature of entertainment and radio communication (LeFeber). There were no televisions or computers during this period of American history. One considers that without such technology the means of gaining news of significant cultural events could only be gained from newspapers. Similarly, it was very difficult to remain in contact with family or friends living long distances away, as modern telephone technology and email did not yet exist. In terms of movies, while by World War II there emerged sound films, individuals living at 1911 only could watch silent films. Another important technological consideration occurred in terms of transportation. While the first airplane had been invented at the early part of the 20th century, it wasnâ€℠¢t until 1919 that the first commercial flights emerged, and not until many years later that they would become an affordable option for most Americans (LeFeber). Of course, neither people living during World War I or World War II experienced aeronautical space shuttle technology. When considering technology in terms of lifestyle in 2011 United States it’s clear significant progress has been made since World War II. One considers one of the major changes being the ways that technological progress has changed the way people in American society interact. Today the emergence of social media technology has profoundly changed the way that people interact. Internet sites such as Facebook have made staying in contact with old friends and family as easy as walking to a computer. Similarly economic

Quantitative Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Quantitative Analysis - Research Paper Example It consists of three parts (Anderson, Sweeney, Williams, Camm, Cochran, Fry, and Ohlmann, 2010): Arrival or input to the system Waiting line The service facility An operations manager must make a trade of between the cost of providing good service and the cost of customer wait time or machine time. The most preferable arrangement for a manager would be that the queues are short enough that they do not annoy a customer. However, an operations manager would tolerate some waiting time if it leads to a significant savings in service costs. An operations manager can evaluate a service facility by looking at the total expected cost. The total cost is the sum of expected service cost plus expected waiting cost. A service cost will increase as the firm tries to increase the level of its services. Managers can have standby personnel who can be assigned to a service station to short the length of the queue. Waiting cost is a reflection of the workers lost productivity and the cost of losing a customer as a result of poor service or long queue. In some service systems this cost of waiting line can be intolerably high. The fundamental advantage of using a waiting line model is that it helps a manager to find out discrepancies in service systems and take measures to eradicate them. Thereby, making the service system efficient and customers satisfied. Example: MacDonald’s can make use of the knowledge from this theory. The service system of MacDonald’s consists of customer queues and billing counters. The floor manager needs to decide the number of billing counters it would keep open at a given time. He needs to forecast the customer arrival rate at a given time and match it with the number of open billing counters. In this way he would ensure that optimal counters are functioning to service customers. The aim behind this initiative is to minimize service time and customer waiting time. Mathematical Example: Current waiting cost/service= (1/4 min waiting) ($60/ min) =$15/service New System: ?= 8 customers/min arriving ?= 12 customers/min served Av waiting time in queue=Wq= ?/2? (?-?) =8/2(12) (12-8) =1/12min Waiting cost/trip= (1/12 min wait) ($60/min cost) =$5/trip Savings with more counters=$15(current system)-$5(new system) =$10/trip Cost of more counters=$3/trip Net Saving=$7/trip Constant Service-Time Model: Service systems having constant rather than exponential service time distribution are called Constant Service-Time Model. When customers or equipment are processed according to a fixed cycle, constant service times are suitable. Since the constant rates are fixed, therefore the values of Lq, Wq, Ls and Ws would be always less than single channel model (Anderson et al., 2010). Simulation: Simulation is the attempt to duplicate the features, appearance and characteristics of a real system. This method helps a manager to define the operating characteristics of a system; thereby putting him in a better position to draw conclusions and make decisions based on the simulated models (Anderson et al., 2010). Benefits of Simulation: There are multiple reasons why this tool has become the most widely accepted tool by managers. Amongst these reasons are following: The tool is flexible and easy to use. It can be used to analyze complex real world situations. Time compression, meaning that the effects of operations policies during a particular time period can be obtained in a short time.

Unknown Citizen Essay Example for Free

Unknown Citizen Essay Social Security Number? Birthdate? Nine digit telephone number starting with area code? In many ways, we are simply numbers to modern society, not individuals with feelings and emotions and dreams. As the world around us evolves so does technology. With the fast paced advancements occurring in technology it seems that the humanity of the world is decreasing. This makes it harder for people to develop their own personal identity. In today’s society people are being seen more as â€Å"faceless† citizens rather than individuals. This is because they are given numbers and labeled based upon how society sees them. In â€Å"The Unknown Citizen†, W. H. Auden shows us how the government sees society as statistics rather than a group of individuals. The unknown citizen of Auden’s poem is unknown because his name has become unimportant. The subtitle â€Å"To JS/07/M/378 This Marble Monument is Erected by the State (Auden 864)† is a fictional concept that the government enforced by an alpha-numeric tag. This tag is used to distinguish who each person is. Throughout the poem the individual is being referred to as â€Å"JS/07/M/378†. The random letters and numbers followed by forward slashes are all representations of the government. Meaning each section of letters and numbers are representing something. â€Å"JS† could possibly be the first letters of his first and last name and â€Å"M† could represent his gender being male. However, the fact that his name is never mentioned and a marble statue was built in his honor in very ironic. Instead of writing his full name the government chose to use the name they had given to him. This automatically is seen as a form of dehumanizing. The statue can also be seen as a form of symbolism representing the chilling manner in which the government chose to honor this man. Auden gives the audience the perceptive that the government is honoring people who they never knew really existed while they were alive. Auden uses irony to describe how the unknown citizen was seen by the government. â€Å"He was found by the Bureau of Statistics to be one against, who there was no official complaint, and all the reports on his conduct agree (Auden 864)†, is an ironic way to start off portraying him. The Bureau of Statistics is a fictional sector of the government that finds people and categorizes them based upon facts and figures. This suggests that tatistically speaking he would be considered normal. â€Å"That in the modern sense of an old-fashioned word, he was a saint for in everything he did he served the Greater Community (Auden 864)† is another perfect example of irony. A saint in an old-fashioned sense is someone who actually stands alone to defend their beliefs and often perish while trying to overcome those enormous challenges. This life is normally seen as an extraordinary one. A saint can also be used in reference when referring to religion. However, Auden suggests that the modern saint is the complete opposite. The unknown citizen lived a life in which he was not devoted to God but to a Greater Community. The government would be considered the Greater Community. It is almost like Auden gives the government godlike qualities because they believe everyone should follow what they say. He always acted in a manner that was expected or accepted by this society. Even though Auden sounds like he is praising all of the unknown citizen’s accomplishments he truly is not. He goes on to say â€Å"he was popular with his mate† and â€Å"he was fully sensible† to show how conformed he was to society. He also followed all rules passed by the state. The way he lived his life was considered normal. He brought a paper every day and reacted in the â€Å"normal† way expected. Advertisers benefited from this because they gained statistics of their own allowing them to help their business profit. He never got involved with his children’s education allowing the government to have more control over him. â€Å"When there was peace he was for peace; when there was war, he went (Auden 865)† suggests he had no mind of his own. This man never questioned anything himself but, instead followed everyone else. Not once did he take a second out to think about something on his own. If the government said it is right then he went along with it. â€Å"He worked in a factory and never got fired, but satisfied his employers Fudge Motors Inc. Yet he wasn’t a scab or odd in his views for his Union reports that he paid his dues (Auden 864-865)† shows that his performance was based upon how his employer felt. Fudge Motors Inc. would be a parody for Ford Motors Inc. He basically dehumanized himself just so he could please the state. Auden intentionally wrote this poem in a very clinical way to make a point about how flawed the government is. Auden compares the Eugenics from the odern society to the Nazi’s in Germany. â€Å"He was married and added five children to the population which our Eugenist says was the right number for a parent of his generation (Auden 865)† can be used as connection between the two. The Nazi’s were known mainly for trying to create the perfect society. From this it is possible that Auden could be suggesting that with conformity comes chaos. Auden wrote â€Å"The Unknown Citizen† during World War II leaving the perception that maybe he wrote it about an unknown citizen who served in the war and warning the soldiers to question the government who are sending them out to fight. He points out that the government judge people based off of reports and documents and what they considered to be right. The title suggests he is talking about one person when in reality he is talking about society as a whole and how the government saw it. We as people see the government as leaders who represent and enforce our values while we are considered to be just another number. Lastly an unknown citizen falls prey to government control. The government itself is the speaker in Auden’s poem. This is why Auden uses plurals like ours. In the eyes of the state, the man they considered a saint was the governments idea of the perfect man. The government does not truly care about him just the fact that he does what he is told. Words such as Greater Community, Installment Plan, Modern Man, and Public Opinion are capitalized to show the emphasis that the government puts on these concepts. Everything about his life is closely monitored, even his private life. The fact that the government knows things like he likes to drink helps support that. Was he free? Was he happy? The question is absurd: Had anything been wrong, we should certainly have heard (Auden 864) suggests that the government does not care about people’s happiness or freedom. It is human nature for a person to want to belong and be part of something. Even though the poem was written over sixty five years ago it does have some truth. As technology becomes better, faster and accurate we are becoming more of a statistic and less human. Yet in a society that dehumanizes us, we still want to be a part of it. No one wants to be considered as an outcast or looked down upon for being different.